{"id":170,"date":"2025-04-29T18:29:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T18:29:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/?page_id=170"},"modified":"2025-05-02T19:17:44","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T19:17:44","slug":"names-list","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/?page_id=170","title":{"rendered":"Names List"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Orthographic Confusion in The Jungle<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In The Jungle<\/em>, Upton Sinclair sought to capture the lives of Lithuanian immigrants with a level of cultural detail rare for his time. However, when transcribing Lithuanian names, he often relied on Americanized or Polish-influenced spellings that do not reflect standard Lithuanian orthography. For instance, Polish letter combinations like \u201ccz\u201d and \u201csz\u201d\u2014which represent the sounds \u010d (like \u201cch\u201d in church<\/em>) and \u0161 (like \u201csh\u201d in shoe<\/em>) <\/strong>respectively appear in place of their proper Lithuanian equivalents. This was a common confusion in early 20th-century representations of Eastern European names, as many immigrants passed through Polish territories or had their names recorded by clerks unfamiliar with Lithuanian spelling. Correcting these names helps to more accurately reflect Lithuanian phonetics and cultural identity, as well as providing clarity for English-speaking readers trying to pronounce them properly. Below, the names are in their corrected Lithuanian spelling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Names<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Jurgis Rudkus<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> YUR-gis ROOD-koos<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Ona Luko\u0161ait\u0117<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> OH-nah loo-koh-SHAY-teh<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Elzbieta Luko\u0161ait\u0117 (Teta Elzbieta)<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> elzh-BYEH-tah loo-koh-SHAY-teh<\/em>
    (Teta = \u201cAunt\u201d)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Marija Ber\u010dinskait\u0117<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> MAH-ree-yah behr-CHIN-skah-teh<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Jonas<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> YOH-nahs<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Antanas Rudkus (D\u0117d\u0117 Antanas)<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> ahn-TAH-nahs ROOD-koos<\/em>
    (D\u0117d\u0117 = \u201cUncle\u201d)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Stanislovas<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> stah-NEES-loh-vahs<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Kotrina<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> koh-TREE-nah<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Vilimas<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> VEE-lee-mahs<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Nikalojus<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> nee-kah-LOY-oos<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Juozapas<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> YWOH-zah-pahs<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Kristoforas<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> kris-toh-FOH-rahs<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Antanas Rudkus (Little Antanas)<\/strong>
    Phonetic:<\/strong> ahn-TAH-nahs ROOD-koos<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Orthographic Confusion in The Jungle In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair sought to capture the lives of Lithuanian immigrants with a level of cultural detail rare for his time. However, when transcribing Lithuanian names, he often relied on Americanized or Polish-influenced spellings that do not reflect standard Lithuanian orthography. For instance, Polish letter combinations like \u201ccz\u201d … <\/p>\n

    Read more “Names List”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inspiro_hide_title":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-170","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":328,"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/170\/revisions\/328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zuzevich.digital.uic.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}